In electrical engineering, a transformer is a passive component that transfers electrical energy from one electrical circuit to another circuit, or multiple circuits. A varying current in any coil of the transformer produces a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core, which induces a varying electromotive force (EMF) across any other coils wound around the same core. Electrical energy can be transferred between separate coils without a metallic (conductive) connection between the two circuits. Faraday's law of induction, discovered in 1831, describes the induced voltage effect in any coil due to a changing magnetic flux encircled by the coil.
Transformers are essential components in electrical systems, used to transfer electrical energy between circuits through electromagnetic induction. Here’s a detailed overview of transformers:
Types of Transformers:
- Step-Up Transformer: Increases the voltage from primary to secondary winding.
- Step-Down Transformer: Decreases the voltage from primary to secondary winding.
- Isolation Transformer: Provides electrical isolation without changing the voltage.
- Auto-Transformer: Has a single winding that acts as both primary and secondary, providing variable voltage.
- Three-Phase Transformer: Used in three-phase power systems to handle three-phase loads.
Applications:
- Power Distribution: Transformers are used in electrical distribution networks to step down high voltage from transmission lines to lower voltages for local distribution.
- Industrial: They power and isolate various equipment and machinery.
- Commercial: Used in buildings to manage voltage levels and ensure safety.
- Residential: Commonly used to step down voltage from the utility grid to the voltage used in homes.